137 thiempactofmysticalexperienceonself-actualizationw,orldviewu,nderstandinga,ndtoleranceinbuddhisme,asternorthodoxhy,induisma,ndislam 2. Explore any influence and interchange of doctrine, theory, method, and/or practice of the prototypes of religious psychospiritual therapeutic methodologies in discussion. 1.6 definitions Concepts are built upon presuppositions, premises, or assumptions. Paradigms, or cognitive frameworks, are constituted of combinations of axioms or assumptions about reality (Kalomiros, 1978; Vujisić, 2009). Therefore, the following concepts are defined in order to avoid the superimposition of alternate paradigms that could lead to misunderstanding the presuppositions underlying this study (Vujisić, 2009). 1.6.1 Worldview. The term worldview, or weltanschauung, is frequently used indiscriminately across a wide range of disciplines (Bahm, 1979; Carnap, Neurath, & Hahn, 1929; Heylighen, 2000; Vujisić, 2010). Notwithstanding, this study utilizes Apostel and Van der Veken’s (1991) framework, which provides a cogent description of worldview as: “the coherent collection of concepts allowing humans to construct a global image of the world, and in this way to understand as many elements of experience as possible” (p. 17). Apostel incorporates representations of (a) ontology, (b) explication, (c) prediction, (d) axiology, (e) praxeology, (f) epistemology, and (g) metapoiesis in his theory of worldview. These define a precise and consistent context for the interpretation of questions related to: (a) models of reality, the past, and the future; (b) theories of values, actions, and knowledge; and moreover, (c) the transcending of nature and nurture and the recreation of worldview through existential choice and/or volition (Aerts, Apostel, De Moor, Hellemans, Maex, Van Belle, & Van der Veken, 1994; Berghout, 2007; Durkheim, 1984; Heitink, 1999; Jenson, 1998; Joslyn, Heylighen, & Turchin, 1993; Naugle, 2002; Solihu, 2009a; 2009b; Vujisić, 2010; Wolters, 1989). Apostel’s sevenfold framework provides a coherent context that facilitates the evaluation of worldview in terms of an enlightenment continuum, or measure across the five vectors of empirical justifiability, psychological functionality, social cohesion, meaning and purpose, and comprehensiveness (Apostel & Van der Veken, 1991; Carnap, Neurathm, & Hahn, 1929). These correspond to the degree in which the worldview: e impact of mys ic l experience on self-actualiza i n...
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