164 actas del ii congreso internacional de literatura mística Table 1 (continued) Statement Source The Eightfold Noble Path consists of: (a) samyagdristi, i.e., right, or fitting understanding, and faith in the Buddhist view of the nature of existence in terms of the Four Noble Truths; (b) samyaksankalpa, i.e., suitable aspiration, conception, and resolve to practice the faith; (c) samyagvak, i.e., appropriate speech, and avoidance of falsehoods, slander, or abusive language; (d) samyakkarmanta, i.e., suitable conduct, action, and abstention from taking life, stealing, and improper sexual behavior; (e) samyagajiva, i.e., appropriate livelihood and rejection of occupations not in keeping with Buddhist principles; (f) samyagvyayama, i.e., suitable effort and avoidance of negative mental states and development of positive mental states; (g) samyaksmriti, i.e., appropriate mindfulness, and awareness of the body, feelings, and thought; and (h) samyaksamadhi, i.e., suitable contemplation or meditation. Harvey, 1990; Rewatadhamma, 1997; Reynolds, 1981; Rhys Davids, 1963 The practice of mental concentration, the eighth Path, will lead ultimately through a succession of stages to the final goal of ‘spiritual fire’, which is nirvāna, ‘extinction’, ‘quenching’, or ‘blowing out’. Williams & Tribe, 2000; Zysk, 1991 Meditation occupies a central place in Buddhism and combines, in its highest stages, the discipline of progressively increased introversion with the insight brought about by wisdom. Thera & Hecker, 1997; Vetter, 1998 [There are] four stages (dhyanas in Sanskrit, and jhanas in Pāli,)… distinguished in the shift of attention from the outward sensory world… (a) detachment from the external world and a consciousness of joy and ease; (b) concentration, with suppression of reasoning and investigation; (c) the passing away of joy, with the sense of ease remaining; and (d) the passing away of ease as well, bringing about a state of pure self-possession and equanimity. Donath, 1974; Harvey, 1990 The dhyanas… are described as (a) consciousness of infinity of space, (b) consciousness of the infinity of cognition, (c) concern with the unreality of things, and (d) consciousness of unreality as the object of thought; they are the transformation of worldview from the delusion of separateness to the vantage point of unity. Davidson, 2003
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