189 thiempactofmysticalexperienceonself-actualizationw,orldviewu,nderstandinga,ndtoleranceinbuddhisme,asternorthodoxhy,induisma,ndislam Table 2 (continued) Themes and Meaning Units Evidence in Text Source (3) Purification Islamic This stage concerns the active life, and requires perseverance in moral training through an ascetic lifestyle over against natural inclinations and desires, which disrupt the path of spiritual ascendancy. Al-Ghazali, 2000; Muhaya, 1993 (4) Perfection Buddhist The practice of mental concentration, the eighth Path, will lead ultimately through a succession of stages to the final goal of ‘spiritual fire’, which is nirvāna, ‘extinction’, ‘quenching’, or ‘blowing out’. Williams & Tribe, 2000; Zysk, 1991 [Perfection] is achieved through meditation, which is a process of mindfulness and concentration, (i.e., vipaśyanā), which is the contemplation of Buddhist teaching and the awareness and the truth of human existence. Harvey, 1990; Keown, 1992; Prebish, 1975 [There are] four stages… distinguished in the shift of attention from the outward sensory world… (a) detachment from the external world and a consciousness of joy and ease; (b) concentration, with suppression of reasoning and investigation; (c) the passing away of joy, with the sense of ease remaining; and (d) the passing away of ease as well, bringing about a state of pure selfpossession and equanimity. Donath, 1974; Harvey, 1990 e impact of mys ic l experience on self-actualiza i n...
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