lcdhoé. ctolruasicevedosmi poseoil: gadodleoabrdaeugeniomarídaheostoscentrohostosai nodealteneopuertor qi ueñd4o|eci ei mbrde2019publci adoenlraevsi tdae rechopuertor qi ueñov5l(29. 020) 7 5 En su reciente libro, el profesor de la Universidad de New York Adam Przeworski, nos advierte de unos síntomas peligrosos: “[...] the erosion of judicial independence is prima facie evidence that something is wrong”.16 The impending cataclysm is that democracy would either collapse outright or gradually erode beyond a point of no return. The specter that haunts us today, I believe, is the last one: a gradual, almost imperceptible, erosion of democratic institutions and norms, subversion of democracy by stealth, the use of legal mechanisms that exist in regimes with favorable democratic credentials for anti-democratic ends.17 Otros pensadores han precisado enfoques diferentes sobre el mismo tema. Zakaria, con gran profundidad de entendimiento articuló el concepto de democracia iliberal: For people in the west, democracy means “liberal democracy”; a political system marked not only by free and fair elections but also by the rule of law, separation of powers, and the protection of basic liberties of speech, assembly, religion, and property. But this bundle of freedoms-which might be termed “constitutional liberalism”- has nothing intrinsically to do with democracy and the two have not always gone together, even in the west. After all, Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany via free elections. Over the last halfcentury in the West, democracy and liberty have merged. But today the two strands of liberal democracy, interwoven on the Western political fabric, are coming apart across the globe. Democracy is flourishing, liberty is not.18 Anteriormente dos estudiosos europeos habían identificado varias razones para el derrumbe de las democracias.19 Zakaria precisa los contornos de la nueva amenaza a la libertad. 16 Adam Przeworski, Crisis of Democracy 4 (2019). También véase Richard L. Hansen, Election Meltdown, YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS (2020); Tom Ginsburg & Aziz Z, Huq, How to Save a Constitutional Democracy, Chicago University Press (2018); Samuel Issacharoff, Fragile Democracies, Cambridge University Press (2015). 17 Id. en la págs. 14-15. 18 Id. en la pág.17. 19 Jean-François Revel, Cómo terminan las democracias 439-512 (1984); Juan J. Linz, The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes, Crisis, Breakdown and Reequilibration 711 (1978); Daniel Zovatto, Reforma política -electoral e innovación institucional en América Latina 718 (1978-2016). hostos, la función electoral y puerto rico
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