Primavera otoño 2020 (Año LXIII Núms. 122-123)

horizontes@pucpr.edu Año LXIV Núm. 124-125 horizontes PRIMAVERA / OTOÑO 2021 PUCPR 68 polymerase chain reaction for gene amplification. They aligned the acdS sequence can for primer synthesis using Pseudomonas sp. strain-UW4 (accession number NC_ 019670), Pseudomonas sp. strain-ACP (accession number M_73488), and Burkholderia pseudomallei- K96243 (accession number NC_006351) found in the NCBI GeneBank database. They purified the PCR product and prepared it for vector cloning. Jung et al. (2018) performed an RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) showing the acdS gene expression encoded (ACC) deaminase in the leaf tissue of a transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plant. Nascimento et al. (2018) successfully transformed β-rhizobium with the pRKACC plasmid that conferred the ability to use ACC as a sole nitrogen source. Their discovery adds another potential vector for acdS gene transformation. The ACC deaminase gene’s genetic transformation proved to be an effective tool to combat abiotic stress and ethylene overexpression in plants. Danish et al. (2020) applied timber-waste biochar charcoal formed from decomposition at elevated temperatures. The biochar combined with transformed Enterobacter cloacae and Achromobacter xylosoxidans to counteract damaging effects of drought stress on maize growth due to notable improvement in gas exchange traits. The expression of ACC deaminase boosted plant growth under normal conditions. Zhang et al. (2015) concluded that ACC deaminase expression from Trichoderma asperellum promoted plant growth under normal and saline conditions and reduced damage caused by saline to plants. Location and environmental events limited damaging factors. Singh et al. (2015) confirmed that ethylene production in plants depended on environmental conditions and their severity. Figure Conclusion In the present study, we discussed the compound ethylene and its impact on plant growth, abiotic stress tolerance, and how ACC deaminase counteracts the effects. The metabolic route of ACC deaminase was investigated, including genes involved in synthesizing ethylene to assess their viability to be isolated and inserted directly into plants. We observed various identification methods, such as the use of PCR and RT-PCR. Researchers identified E295 and L322 residues as crucial positions for differentiating ACC deaminase from homologs and degenerate primers. They also isolated primer sequences from the NCBI database pairing with the acdS gene. Scientific studies isolated various customized plasmids for acdS genetic transformation for a wide range of potential plant subjects. RT-PCR amplification conducted by the researchers confirmed the transformation of the acdS gene in plants. Therefore, ACC deaminase shows potential in

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