Primavera otoño 2020 (Año LXIII Núms. 122-123)

horizontes@pucpr.edu Año LXIV Núm. 124-125 horizontes PRIMAVERA / OTOÑO 2021 PUCPR 43 goal-directed process to influence intensity duration and emotional type experienced or expressed. Hendricks and Buchanan (2016) explored the relationship between types of cognitive control: working memory updating, response inhibition, and set shifting. They studied two emotional regulation strategies: expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal. A specific cognitive control process predicted reductions of adverse effects during cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. This process contributed substantially to cognitive reappraisal ability and played a specific role in emotional regulation abilities. The emotional and cognitive control was bidirectional. We previously indicated that cognitive control was related to emotions. Researchers have used emotions such as depression or anxiety for cognitive control studies. Neurophysiological tasks linked depression and reactive cognitive control (Williams et al., 2018). Reactive cognitive control and post-error (future adaptation improvement) adjustments could be compromised for depressed individuals needing emotional regulation. Researchers analyzed depressed participants by analyzing post-error adjustments (or their absence) using the emotional Stroop task. This task demonstrated the difficulty of naming a mismatched ink color and word choice. Post-error slowing was a benchmarking effect of reactive cognitive control. Williams et al. (2018) analyzed depression symptoms while controlling for emotional and non-emotional priming (an influenced subsequent response). Errors to non-emotional stimuli impaired subsequent trial performance by slowing responding without a compensatory increase in inaccuracy. This effect served for both the depression-symptom group and controls, although the magnitude of post-error slowing was more significant for the depression group. This research increased knowledge about depression related to emotional dysregulation, information processing deficit, and behavioral deficit. Traumatic events, which can alter a person’s specific or general emotions, were subjects of cognitive control studies. Child abuse was an example of neurobiological development associated with affective, cognitive, and clinical sequelae throughout life. Mackiewicz et al. (2017) compared the degree of emotional versus neutral engagement of cognitive control regions. They examined emotional information neural systems’ engagement in cognitive control in women with a history of childhood abuse. Exposure to child abuse was associated with difficulties maintaining sustained cognitive control, regardless of the neutral information and the degree of direct conflict. They demonstrated altered activation of brain regions in women with a history of child abuse when cognitive control was required to ignore salient, distracting task-irrelevant information. The limbic system was involved in emotions, whereas the autonomic nervous system was involved in specific emotions. The autonomic nervous system is part of the nervous system that manager involuntary actions such as heartbeat and breathing system. Mizuno- Matsumoto et al. (2020) indicated that stimulating the autonomic nervous system caused cardiovascular, muscular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory symptoms, including diarrhea, dizziness, hypertension, palpitations, or tremor. However, Jang et al. (2020) proposed that emotional stimuli elicited spontaneous reactions from the autonomic nervous system, which affected various physiological signals such as heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, skin conductance, and body temperature. The autonomic nervous system consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.